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Although cryogenic "tempering" has been around for decades, there is still much controversy as to the exact and complete physical changes that occur for every application. The benefits have been well documented though, and explanations for most industrial applications include the transformation retained austinite to martinsite.
What we will deal with on this page, are the documented improvements of materials as documented by R.F. Baron from the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute. Corvib tracks results from every customer who uses cryogenics to get a better idea of how the process worked for each application and material. The parameters are as follows -
The Process Is Dry - also known as "cold box treatment", the parts treated never come in contact with the refrigerant
The Process Is Controlled - the treated parts are cooled at a prescribed rate to prevent thermal shock
Temperature is -310f - this temperature, and the treatment time, results in a deep cryogenic transformation creating a favorable matrix throughout the part as opposed to a surface treatment
WEAR RESISTANCE AFTER CRYOGENIC TREATMENT
Metal AISI# |
Description |
% Increase In Wear Resistance |
D2 |
High Carbon/Chromium Die Steel |
817% |
S-7 |
Silicon Tool Steel |
503% |
52100 |
Standard Steel |
420% |
0-1 |
Oil Hardening Cold Work Die Steel |
418% |
A-10 |
Graphite Tool Steel |
264% |
M-1 |
Molybdenum High-Speed Steel |
225% |
H-13 |
Chromium/Moly High-Speed Steel |
209% |
M-2 |
Tungsten/Moly High-Speed Steel |
203% |
T-1 |
Tungsten High-Speed Tool Steel |
176% |
Cpm-10V |
Alloy Steel |
131% |
P-20 |
Mold Steel |
130% |
440 |
Martensitic Stainless |
121% |
The information pertaining to increased wear characteristics do not include other benefits. One such important factor is the reduced material removal during refacing of machine tools, increased lubricity and part stabilization. At this time, there is no public domain research that we know of which attests to these attributes, but we have much evidence that indicates these improvements are real and substantial.
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